Warm fuzzy feelings are not the only things being shared when you kiss someone — a study published in science journal Microbiome reveals that a single, 10-second kiss can transfer as many as 80 million bacteria. The study also discovered that couples who kiss each other more than nine times a day share similar communities of oral bacteria.
The inability of central nervous system (CNS) neurons to regenerate constitutes the greatest challenge to the development of therapies for nervous system disorders and injuries. Unlike muscle or skin tissue, neurons in the brain and the spinal cord suffer from a severe regenerative failure. This lack of regenerative ability explains why neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic injuries to the CNS are so devastating. For example, there are 200,000 people currently living in the United States with Spinal Cord Injury, accumulating a lifetime cost of up to $3 million. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, comprise a significant economic and social burden to individuals and society.
Flashing back to the third grade, you’re surrounded by the bright vibrancy that encompassed the welcoming elementary school walls. It’s Tuesday, and the weekly spelling quiz is about to begin. You studied, but not enough; your mother got you a new paint set, and you spent the majority of last evening mixing colors and painting. Your palms are clammy and then quickly escalate to moist as your teacher instructs the class to spell the first word. The unthinkable has happened, and you are faced with the impending doom that tricky inflected endings bring. Your neighbor, with a champion smile on her face, frantically spells the word. You hear an eraser being rubbed against paper to your left, and swift as a feather, your neighbor’s answer sheet has been flown to the ground. Do you dart your eyes and look to your left? Or do you hold up to your honest upbringing and ignore the paper on the floor, even if it could save your test? Would you really resort to cheating? Being exposed to situations like this in life is inevitable, but do we act? Being the creative individual you are, the answer is yes.
A mosquito is smaller than a paperclip, but it can potentially take down a human with just a bite. Recently, a scientist has found a strain of bacteria that, if ingested by a mosquito, may kill it as well as prevent it from passing on two serious diseases, malaria and dengue. Although this research is still in its infancy, it could someday be used to end the threat of malaria.
The first lifeforms that appeared on earth were composed of single-celled organisms, and after millions of years, they evolved into multicellular entities. Cells cooperate to form organs, and systems of organs combine to form beings, from trees to whales. Though many aspects of organismal evolution are well-understood, scientists have struggled to discover the exact process by which single cells developed into multicellular organisms. Recently, a research team from New Zealand Institute and the Max Planck Institute have found a possible theory for the development of multicellular life.
Countries often aim to present the best version of themselves to the world when hosting major international events. Some countries have taken drastic measures to ensure that visitors see as much of the nation’s good side and as little of its bad side as possible.
Scientists are constantly finding ways to better understand the intricacies of human DNA. A recent study has investigated the presence of endogenous retroviruses present in the human genome.
Usually you might find my name next to yet another Ebola article naming the umpteenth person to be infected by the deadly virus, or perhaps relaying Hopkins students’ cynicism toward the request of Americans to U.S. President Barack Obama to ban all air travel to high prevalence countries, but for this issue of The News-Letter, I have prepared something different. I have decided to address the anti-climactic underlying question that serves as the backbone for the DNA of this section, and as a dedicated reader, I ask you to push yourself to answer it as well.
Hallucinogenic mushrooms, often used as recreational drugs, could soon be used in medicine as well. A recent preliminary study has found that a combination of hallucinogen injections and therapy had an 80 percent success rate at getting smokers to stop smoking. This could become a treatment for smokers who are unable to quit through traditional methods.
Advances in science have enabled scientists to debunk a lot of household myths that persist over the centuries. Recently, another household myth has proven to be based in science. Zhou-Feng Chen, the director of the Study of Itch at Washington University in St. Louis, investigated the effect of scratching on itches and found that itches get worse if scratched.
Just as the severity of the Ebola epidemic has varied from country to country, the severity of the disease when contracted varies from person to person. Some people who contract the virus are able to completely resist the disease; some suffer varying severities of illness and eventually recover, while others succumb to internal bleeding, organ failure and death. A new study led by systems biologists and virologists Angela Rasmussen and Michael Katze at the University of Washington Department of Microbiology suggests that genetic factors may cause the wide range of responses to the Ebola virus.
A new 175-page report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), part of the United Nations, warns of serious consequences to the planet if nothing is done to prevent climate change.
From Oct. 24 to 26, the Hopkins Center for Biomedical Innovation and Design (CBID) and Jhpiego, a non-profit organization associated with Hopkins that works to bring healthcare to poorer areas of the world, hosted the first Emergency Ebola Design Challenge at Hopkins. The Design Challenge was focused on creating better personal protective equipment (PPE) for health workers fighting Ebola in West Africa.
Cancer is a highly complex disease, characterized by impairments in various biological pathways. Each of these pathways constitutes a potential therapeutic target in which manipulation of the pathway may halt disease progression. One key player in the development and metastasis of cancer is the blood vessel, which scientists believe feeds cancer cells with necessary nutrients as well as providing them with a way to spread throughout the body. Published in Developmental Cell, a new study by Hopkins researchers elucidates the molecular pathways by which brain blood vessel growth is regulated, setting the stage for development of more effective anti-cancer treatments.
If given the choice, would you decide to stand out as an individual or fit in with your peers? Society may value individuality and uniqueness among people, but history suggests that conformity has often been more crucial to our species’ survival. A recent study has found that the need to fit in is present in human children but not in chimpanzees or orangutans.
A simple grocery list of necessities, some caregivers find, has the potential to undergo drastic changes as children point to and threaten to throw tantrums about attractively advertised sweets. For caregivers who do not have the luxury of leaving their children at home while shopping for groceries, the easier option is to give in to demands for junk food instead of battling their children over sugary trifles.
A seizure is a sustained elevation in the brain’s electrical activity that clinically manifests itself in a variety of ways depending on the part of the brain affected, including loss of consciousness and convulsions. Many different factors can lead to seizures, including metabolism, acute infections, drug overdose and alcohol withdrawal.
Imagine falling down and getting a wound that won’t heal, or eating and not being able to digest your food, or even not being able to remember events that have just occurred. These processes are only a few of the many that we take for granted but are so vital that without them, our standard of living would be severely compromised. And each of them is partly contingent upon a single 148 amino acid-long protein, calmodulin, which modulates the chains of signals within our cells to allow us to digest, remember and heal.
More than 25 million people in Western societies are currently affected by vascular diseases, diseases that affect the body’s blood vessel network, but current treatment options are limited and often include lifelong supervision and immunosuppression. A team of scientists and doctors at the University of Gothenburg has discovered a possible solution: a transplantable vascular graft created from the patient’s own blood to assure that their body accepts the graft.
In developed nations home births, or “natural births,” are a growing trend among middle-class moms-to-be who choose not to give birth in a hospital. However, in many areas of developing nations, poor rural women have no choice but to give birth at home, often with adverse medical consequences. Researchers at the Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH) found that more than one quarter of all women in rural Bangladesh experienced complications during pregnancy and/or childbirth.
